| France | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: France Tue Feb 10, 2015 5:32 pm | |
| officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.[note 13] Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean; France covers 640,679 square kilometres (247,368 sq mi) and has a population of 66.6 million. It is a semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the nation's largest city and the main cultural and commercial center. The Constitution of France establishes the country as secular and democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people. During the Iron Age, what is now France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The Gauls were conquered by the Roman Empire in 51 BC, which held Gaul until 486. The Gallo-Romans faced raids and migration from the Germanic Franks, who dominated the region for hundreds of years, eventually creating the medieval Kingdom of France. France has been a major power in Europe since the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years' War (1337 to 1453) strengthening French state-building and paving the way for a future centralized absolute monarchy. During the Renaissance, France experienced a vast cultural development and established the first steps of a worldwide colonial empire. The 16th century was dominated by Religious Civil Wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Louis XIV made France the dominant cultural, political and military power in Europe, but by the late 18th century, the monarchy was overthrown in the French Revolution. One legacy of the revolution was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, one of the world's earliest documents on human rights, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France was governed as one of history's earliest Republics until the Empire was declared by Napoleon, who dominated European affairs and had a long-lasting impact on Western culture. Following his defeat, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments: an absolute monarchy was restored, replaced in 1830 by a constitutional monarchy, then briefly by a Second Republic, and then by a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870. ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬●
Last edited by Blue Geisha on Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:29 pm; edited 1 time in total | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Tue Feb 10, 2015 5:34 pm | |
| Mont Saint-Micgel ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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கீரிகோ. ×vip user××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 3331 ❥Age : 24 ❥Location : on my way~
| Subject: Re: France Thu Feb 26, 2015 4:47 pm | |
| Palatul Versailles, Versailles Palatul Versailles este unul dintre cele mai mari si opulente castele din intreaga lume. Cu peste 2100 de ferestre, 1250 de seminee si 67 de scari interioare, castelul Versailles este una dintre cele mai vizitate atractii turistice din Franta. Fiind un exemplu perfect de arta franceza a secolului al 18-lea, aceasta cladire istorica se afla pe lista Patrimoniului Universal UNESCO de mai bine de 30 de ani.
Castelul a fost resedinta oficiala pana in anul 1789, iar de atunci a fost privit ca o resedinta neoficiala. Cunoscut si drept "Leaganul Libertatii", Palatul Versailles a fost si locul in care populatia Parisului si-a manifestat nemultumirea fata de Regele Ludovic al 14-lea, fortand familia regala sa lase in urma viata ei decadenta si sa se mute in adevarata capitala a Frantei, Paris.
Versailles- povestea unei legende contemporane Istoria Versailles incepe ca o poveste. La inceput, Versailles era un satuc saracacios, situat in mijlocul padurii si in vaile mlastinoase din Galie. La nord de acest sat, se afla castelul Versailles, un castel vechi in fata caruia se intindea o padure de stejari, care a fost folosita pentru sacrificiile druidice. Pe partea sudica, se afla muntele Versailles si micuta sa biserica Saint-Julien. In anul 1074 oraselul este mentionat sub numele Versalias si se presupune ca numele Versailles provine din latinescul “versus” si sufixul “alia”. Semnificatia aproximativa ar fi de “teren arabil”. De fapt, “versailles” semnifica in franceza arhaica, “pamant defrisat”, zona in care a fost facut orasul fiind cu adevarat defrisat si transformat in pamant arabil. Prima mentiune care atesta existenta Versailles dateaza din anul 1038. Un oarecare Hugues de Versailles ( original era scris Hugo de versaliis ) a fost mentionat in hrisovul abatiei de la Saint-Pair de Chartres. Acesta a fost primul domn cunoscut de la Versailles. A doua aluzie la Versailles a fost facuta in 1065 intr-un act prin care un oarecare Geoffroy de Gometz a fondat locul de rugaciune de la Bazainville. In sistemul feudal francez, conducatorii de la Versailles erau direct subordonati regelui Frantei. La sfarsitul secolului al XI-leaprimul satuc s-a instalat langa un castel medieval si in apropiere de biserica Saint-Julien, care este mentionata intr-o harta din anul 1084. Aflandu-se in directia spre Paris, acest satuc era prosper, in special la sfarsitul secolului XII, cunoscut drept “secolul lui Saint Louis”, dar a cunoscut valul de epidemii si Razboiul de o suta de ani, la sfarsitul caruia ramane cu o populatie de 100 de persoane. In secolul XIV, este mentionat ca Gilles de Versailles detine functia de executor judecatoresc al regelui. In 1561, secretarul de stat al finantelor a regelui Carol al IX-lea, Martial Lomenie, a devenit proprietarul exclusiv al Versailles. In acest timp, populatia de la Versailles numara 500 de locuitori. Murind la masacrul de la Sf Bartolomeu ( 24 august 1572), in 1575 a venit in Franta Albert de Gondi, cunoscut si ca Ducele de Retz, insotit de Catherine de Medici si a cumparat domeniul Versailles. De atunci, Versailles este detinut de catre familia Gondi, care era o familie bogata de avocati, cu influente in parlamentul de la Paris. In anul 1610, cel mai mic fiul al lui Albert, Henri de Gondi, a devenit cardinal si l-a invitat de mai multe ori la vanatoare pe tanarul rege Ludovic al XIII-lea. Ramas placut impresionat de acest loc, in 1622 regele achizitioneaza pentru vanatoare o parcela de padure din Versailles. Mai tarziu, in 1624, regele a construit o parcela noua si a angajat un arhitectul Philibert Le Roy sa ii construiasca pe varful unui deal o cabana de vanatoare. In cele din urma, in 1632, regele a cumparat de la Jean-François de Gondi, arhiepiscopul Parisului si a Versailles, toate proprietatile care constituiau Versailles pentru 70 mii de lire sterline. Intre 1632 si 1634, lucrarile incepute de Philibert Le Roy vor fi continuate de catre Jacques Boyceau și Jacques de Menours. In 1643, la moartea lui Ludovic al XIII-lea, satul avea 1.000 de locuitori. Abia in a anul 1661, Ludovic al XVI-lea comanda arhitectului Le Vau si Arhitectului peisajist Le Notre sa transforme si extinda castelul tatalui sau. In 1678, dupa Tratatul de la Nijmeneg, pe 6 mai 1682, regele a decis sa se stabileasca instanta de judecata si guvernul la Versailles. Astfel, Versailles devine simbolul puterii absolute, manifestate si prin festivitatile extravagante si costisitoare. Satul vechi și biserica Saint-Julien au fost distruse pentru a face loc cladirilor proiectate de acum cu respectarea parcelelor propuse contra unei taxe anuale si conditionarea dimensiunii si formei constructiilor facute pe aceste parcele. Aceste reglementari au contribuit la construirea unui oras simetric, in raport cu strada care tinea deja de Paris si care incepea chiar de la intrarea in castel. Alimentarea cu apa insa a devenit o problema pentru oraselul si castelul Versailles, in 1687 problema fiind solutionata prin punerea in functiune a masinariei Marly, care trebuia sa aduca apa din Sena. Treptat, la Versaille au venit toti cei care trebuiau sau care doreau sa traiasca langa puterea politica. La moartea Regelui Soare, in 1715, satul de la Versaille numara o populatie de aproximativ 30 mii de locuitori.[center] | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:29 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:30 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:30 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:31 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:31 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:31 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:31 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:32 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:32 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:33 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:33 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:33 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:33 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:34 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:34 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:34 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:34 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:35 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:35 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:35 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Roxana H. ×fondator××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 27384 ❥Age : 29 ❥Location : Ατενος, Ελλαδα
| Subject: Re: France Fri Feb 27, 2015 1:35 pm | |
| ●▬●♀۞♔♚♕ ۞♂▬▬● | |
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Rogue ×knight××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 18393 ❥Age : 30 ❥Location : ❥ Hell
| Subject: Re: France Mon Jun 10, 2024 11:36 pm | |
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Rogue ×knight××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 18393 ❥Age : 30 ❥Location : ❥ Hell
| Subject: Re: France Mon Jun 10, 2024 11:36 pm | |
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Rogue ×knight××
❥sex : ❥Gold : 18393 ❥Age : 30 ❥Location : ❥ Hell
| Subject: Re: France Mon Jun 10, 2024 11:36 pm | |
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